When Early Modern Europe Caught the Flu. A Scientific Account of Pandemic Influenza in Sixteenth Century Sicily (2018)
The year 1510 marked the first recognition of pandemic influenza. The disease arrived in Sicily along trade routes from Africa and spread along the Mediterranean coasts. When a new epidemic swept over Europe in 1557, afflicting Sicily, the physician Giovan Filippo Ingrassia pursued a new approach to pandemic control. Since an influenza pandemic was a public health emergency, he conceived pandemic planning as a collaborative process between healthcare officials and the Government. He also highlighted the importance of strengthening influenza surveillance as a means for the early detection of an emerging pandemic. While the Sicilian Government had to provide for the community in terms of prevention, treatment was a physicians’ responsibility. On September 18th, 1558, Ingrassia held a public lecture introducing an innovative position as regards epidemiology and public medicine: territorial control was the answer to the chaos caused by epidemics.
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