This paper examines whether, and in what contexts, Duhem's and Poincaré's views can be regarded as conventionalist or structural realist. After analysing the three different contexts in which conventionalism is attributed to them—in the context of the aim of science, the underdetermination problem and the epistemological status of certain principles—I show that neither Duhem's nor Poincaré's arguments can be regarded as conventionalist. I argue that Duhem and Poincaré offer different solutions to the problem of theory choice, differ in their stances towards scientific knowledge and the status of scientific principles, making their epistemological claims substantially different.
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Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science
Cahiers François Viète Center for Epistemology and History of Science and Technology (CFV)
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
Revue de Synthèse
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
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