Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts etablierte sich die Chemie vollends als eine experimentelle und messende Wissenschaft. Mit der Entdeckung vieler neuer Elemente und ihrer Verbindungen entstand die Notwendigkeit, die Vielfalt zu ordnen. Als ein Schlüssel erwiesen sich die chemischen Eigenschaften, die eine Unterscheidung „verwandter“ Elementgruppen möglich machten und einen Zusammenhang mit der Atommasse erkennen ließen. In den 1860er Jahren gab es eine Reihe origineller Vorschläge, die sich in Nuancen unterschieden. Zu einem Durchbruch kam es, als der russische Chemiker Dmitri Mendelejew 1869 seinen Entwurf des Periodensystems unter dem programmatischen Titel Die Abhängigkeit der chemischen Eigenschaften der Elemente vom Atomgewicht bekannt machte. Der Beitrag würdigt die Leistungen Mendelejews, aber auch die der anderen Pioniere und seines kongenialen Mitstreiters Lothar Meyer. Dieser hatte zeitgleich und unabhängig von Mendelejew die Periodizität von Elementeigenschaften aufgedeckt und zum Ordnungsprinzip erhoben. (At the beginning of the 19th century, chemistry fully established itself as an experimental and measuring science. With the discovery of many new elements and their compounds, the need arose to order the diversity. One key proved to be chemical properties, which made it possible to distinguish "related" groups of elements and to see a connection with atomic mass. In the 1860s, there were a number of original proposals that differed in nuance. A breakthrough came when the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published his draft of the periodic table in 1869 under the programmatic title The Dependence of the Chemical Properties of the Elements on Atomic Weight. The article pays tribute to Mendeleev's achievements, but also to those of the other pioneers and his congenial comrade-in-arms Lothar Meyer. At the same time and independently of Mendeleev, Meyer had discovered the periodicity of elemental properties and elevated it to an ordering principle.)
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