Chang, Ku-ming (Kevin) (Author)
Thuillier, Manon (Translator)
Thuillier, Manon
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines
Volume: 37
Pages: 65-91
Les noms chinois et anglais de l’Institute of History and Philology de l’Academia Sinica constituent une énigme. L’expression chinoise (歷史語言研究所) suggère qu’il s’agit d’un institut d’histoire et de linguistique (ou d’étude du langage). Le nom anglais indique que l’institut étudie l’histoire et la philologie. Pour un public contemporain, la linguistique et la philologie sont deux disciplines différentes. Les fondateurs de l’institut confondaient-ils les deux disciplines ? Ou comment pouvaient-ils assimiler la linguistique et la philologie à cette époque ? Cet article suggère que la solution de l’énigme réside dans la compréhension de la formation des deux membres fondateurs de l’institut : Ssu-nien Fu (or FU Sinian) and Yuen Ren Chao (or ZHAO Yuanren). Fu, formé en Allemagne, souhaitait reproduire les réalisations de la science philologique allemande dans son nouvel institut. Il suivait la tendance dominante dans le monde académique allemand consistant à considérer les études sur le langage comme une branche de la philologie. Invité à diriger la section consacrée au langage de l’institut, Chao avait reçu sa formation en sciences du langage aux États-Unis, en France et en Angleterre et avait rejoint le mouvement franco-britannique qui commençait à considérer les études sur le langage comme une discipline – la linguistique – indépendante de la philologie. The Chinese and English names of Academia Sinica’s Institute of History and Philology present a puzzle. The Chinese, 歷史語言研究所, suggests that it is an institute of history and linguistics (or language studies). The English name indicates that the institute studies history and philology. For today’s public, linguistics and philology are two different disciplines. Did the founders of the institute confuse the two disciplines? Or how could they equate linguistics with philology at the time? This study suggests that the solution to the puzzle lies in understanding the training of two founding members of the institute, Ssu-nien Fu (or FU Sinian) and Yuen Ren Chao (or ZHAO Yuanren). Fu, trained in Germany, wanted to replicate the achievements of German philological scholarship in his new institute. He followed the German academic mainstream to see language studies as a branch of philology. Invited to head the language section of the institute, Chao received his training in language studies in the United States, France, and England, and joined an Anglo-French movement that began to see language studies as a discipline—linguistics, that is—independent of philology.
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