Article ID: CBB671378685

Why the “Stimulus-Error” Did Not Go Away (2016)

unapi

Psychologists in the early years of the discipline were much concerned with the stimulus-error. Roughly, this is the problem encountered in introspective experiments when subjects are liable to frame their perceptual reports in terms of what they know of the stimulus, instead of just drawing on their perceptual experiences as they are supposedly felt. “Introspectionist” psychologist E. B. Titchener and his student E. G. Boring both argued in the early 20th century that the stimulus-error is a serious methodological pit-fall. While many of the theoretical suppositions motivating Titchener and Boring have been unfashionable since the rise of behaviourism, the stimulus-error brings our attention to one matter of perennial importance to psychophysics and the psychology of perception. This is the fact that subjects are liable to give different kinds of perceptual reports in response to the same stimulus. I discuss attempts to control for variable reports in recent experimental work on colour and lightness constancy, and the disputes that have arisen over which kinds of reports are legitimate. Some contemporary psychologists do warn us against a stimulus-error, even though they do not use this terminology. I argue that concern over the stimulus-error is diagnostic of psychologists' deep theoretical commitments, such as their conception of sensation, or their demarcation of perception from cognition. I conclude by discussing the relevance of this debate to current philosophy of perception.

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Authors & Contributors
Verhaegh, Sander
Wagoner, Brady
Leyssen, Sigrid
Winston, Andrew S.
Tichener, Edward Bradford
Tanaka, S.
Concepts
Psychology
Senses and sensation; perception
Philosophy of science
Historiography
Experimental psychology
Consciousness
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
Places
Americas
Austria
Australia
Great Britain
Vienna (Austria)
Institutions
Society of Experimental Psychologists
Harvard University
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