Article ID: CBB669424013

From Embryotomy to Cesarean: Changes in Obstetric Operatory Techniques in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Urban Brazil (2021)

unapi

This article traces the historical processes by which Brazil became a world leader in cesarean sections. It demonstrates that physicians changed their position toward and use of different obstetric surgeries, in particular embryotomies and cesarean sections, over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The authors demonstrate that Catholic obstetricians, building upon both advancements in cesarean section techniques and new civil legislation that gave some personhood to fetuses, began arguing that fetal life was on par with its maternal counterpart in the early twentieth century, a shift that had a lasting impact on obstetric practice for decades to come. In the second half of the twentieth century, cesarean sections proliferated in clinical practice, but abortions remained illegal. Most importantly, women remained patients to be worked on rather than active participants in their reproductive lives.

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Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB669424013/

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Authors & Contributors
Schlumbohm, Jürgen
Patrick Ellis
Gijbels, Jolien
Arena, Francesca
Michelle Millar Fisher
Fornasin, Alessio
Concepts
Obstetrics and pregnancy
Maternal health services
Reproductive medicine
Childbirth
Medicine and religion
Women and health
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
21st century
18th century
Medieval
20th century, late
Places
United States
Germany
Brazil
Europe
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
North America: United States; Canada
Institutions
Göttingen. Universität
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