Article
ID: CBB658451838

The first ‘Soviet type’ research institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its Stalin Prize-awarded director, Imre Szörényi (2021)

unapi
Biochemistry Science and ideology 21st century 20th century, late Hungary Szörényi, Imre Hungarian Academy of Science [Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA)]

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS, established in 1825), similar to the academies of the old Soviet bloc, ran a research network from 1950 until 2019 when it was detached from the Academy. The first research institute of the HAS was the Institute of Biochemistry, which started its operation in 1950. Its first director was Imre Szörényi (1905–1959) who lived in emigration in Kiev until he was called back to Hungary in 1950 by the Secretariat of the Hungarian Workers Party. Initially, for a few years research in the Institute was partly influenced by Lepeshinskaya's ‘New Cell Theory’ and Szörényi himself became the chair of the ‘Living Protein’ Committee of the HAS. He returned for more than two years to Kiev where he received a shared Stalin Prize in 1952 for the development of the antibiotic, Microcid. After his final return to Hungary in 1953, he was able to shape the characteristic image of the Institute of Biochemistry, making it one of the leading workshops of Hungarian biochemistry. From 1956 onwards, ideological considerations no longer interfered with the choice of research topics. The relationship between the chemical structure and the specific biological function of enzymes became the main profile of the Institute. In spite of his untimely death, Szörényi exerted a long-lasting influence on Hungarian biochemistry through his disciples.

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Authors & Contributors
Pléh, Csaba
Philip W. Kuchel
O'Malley, Maureen A.
Veigl, Sophie Juliane
Peter D. Jeffrey
Donald J. Winzor
Journals
Science as Culture
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy
Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Mathematics, Science, and Technology
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
Concepts
Science and ideology
Biochemistry
Science and politics
Societies; institutions; academies
Science and government
Counterculture
People
Eschenmoser, Albert
Nichol, Lawrence Walter
Seeman, Jeffrey I.
Raspail, François Vincent
Prelog, Vladimir
Haurowitz, Felix
Time Periods
21st century
20th century, late
20th century
20th century, early
19th century
Places
Hungary
United States
Austria
Sweden
Poland
France
Institutions
Hungarian Academy of Science [Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA)]
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