The post-Second World War environment brought tremendous infrastructural change to the Pacific region. However, changes had taken place much earlier in Samoa under the New Zealand administration in the 1920s, with the enactment of the Samoa Act (1920), which established the health system, as a result of the influenza epidemic crisis of 1918. By the 1920s, Komiti Tūmamā (Women's Committees) emerged with a key focus on ‘village health and baby care’. However, certain health practices remained in the postwar period such as racial discrimination within health services. By the late 1940s, diseases such as hookworm, filariasis, and yaws along with tuberculosis, typhoid, and pneumonia remained areas of concern. In considering this period, the key themes focus on community development and the introduction of new health systems, the changing gender roles, and impact on Samoan health practices. Drawing on these histories, this paper outlines the dynamic characteristics of Samoa's medical history in the early part of the twentieth century.
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