Rabies is an acute encephalitis caused by a virus that affects hot- blooded animals, including humans. In 1881, Louis Pasteur discovered that the virus of rabies is localised in the central nervous system and by attenuating the diseased brain tissue of a rabid animal he prepared anti- rabic vaccine. In India, a chain of Pasteur Institutes were set- up at Kasauli (1901), Coonoor (1907), Shillong (1910), and Rangoon (1915) to treat cases of rabies. The Haffkine Institute, Bombay; School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta and All India Institute of Hygiene and Public health, Calcutta also provided anti-rabic treatment. In 1911, David Semple developed a carbolized anti-rabic vaccine at Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli in which dead virus of rabies was used. Being a dead virus it had a little post -vaccinal complications and could be stored in and transported to distant places without affecting its potency and efficacy. So, the Government of India adopted the policy of decentralisation of anti- rabic treatment. Soon, the process of decentralisation was stopped as Lt. Col. J. Cunningham was experimenting with eitherized live vaccines.But the severe paralytic side–effects of etharised live vaccine made the First International Rabies Conference, Paris (1927), to pass a resolution in favour of dead vaccines. Decentralisation of anti – rabic treatment was again started. By 2005, the Semple vaccine remained the most widely used vaccine.
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