Les évolutions de la sociologie rurale en Roumanie ne permettent pas d’observer un simple face-à-face entre les promoteurs d’une recherche alignée sur des standards internationaux et les défenseurs d’une une science autochtone, ajustée aux réalités locales. Les positions et les prises de position des agents donnent progressivement forme à un champ scientifique : certains ont participé à des échanges académiques internationaux sous le régime communiste et en tirent des attributs qu’ils peuvent valoriser dans le nouveau contexte ; d’autres doivent composer avec des capitaux formés après l’effondrement du bloc soviétique et mettent également en avant une reconnaissance scientifique qui dépasse les frontières nationales. Dans les deux cas, des combinaisons avec des propriétés sociales complémentaires entretiennent une tension entre des sociologues qui prétendent intégrer l’étude des populations rurales à des analyses de portée générale et ceux qui revendiquent la production de savoirs spécialisés. Le champ organisé sur ce mode est le produit d’une longue histoire. Les antagonismes qu’il entretient et les rapprochements qu’il autorise n’en prêtent pas moins à des comparaisons structurales. The way rural sociology has developed in Romania cannot be reduced to a simple confrontation between those advocating research aligned with international standards and those defending a grass-roots science, attuned to local realities. The positions and stances of the protagonists have gradually shaped a scientific field. Some of those who had participated in international academic forums under the Communist regime used this to further their position in the new context; others had to handle the new capitalism of the post-Soviet era, and likewise laid claim to international academic recognition. In both cases, combinations with complementary social profiles created tension between the sociologists who wished to integrate studies on rural populations into broader analyses, and those who believed in the production of specialised knowledge. So this particular organisation of the field has a long history. The antagonisms it sustains and the comparisons it authorises lend themselves to structural comparison.
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