I Mohammed Tabarak Hussain (Author)
Ghufran Ahmed (Author)
Nasreen Jahan (Author)
Mehar Adiba (Author)
Indian Journal of History of Science
Volume: 51
Issue: 2A
Pages: 217-226
The Greek philosopher and physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) postulated the theory of humoral medicine, upon which the Unani system of medicine is based. Rhazes writes in Al-Hāwi that the process of stone formation in any part of the body is secondary to the entanglement of lesdār mawād (thick and viscid morbid matter) in the organs and the inability of the human body to expel the matter. This morbid matter retains in the organs, and secondary deposition takes place over time. Harārat evaporates rutūbāt from the matter and thereby hardens forming a stone. The renal calculi are soft, small and usually reddish in colour whereas the bladder stones are hard, large and sandy white or black in colour. The explanations given by Sabit bin Qurra (901 AD), al-Rāzī (932 AD), Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037 AD) and Ibn Z. uhr (1162 AD) about the formation of stones, are basically same. In Greco-Arab medicine, known in India as Yūnānī or simply as Unani medicine, the atibbā′ (physician) evaluates nabd (pulse), baul (urine), and barāz (stools) for diagnosis of diseases. The line of treatment for both renal and bladder calculi are almost similar. Several single and multiple drug formulations have also been described for treatment of urolithiasis.
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