This paper focuses on the information provided by the Periplus maris Erythraei about the ports of western and southern Arabia, with the hypothesis that each capital of the various kingdoms in those areas (that of Saba-Himyar and that of Hadramawt) maintained strict control over a main port, named emporion by the author/-s of the Periplus. This happened due to the political determination of the different rulers to establish strict control over long-distance trade in order to more effectively administer taxes, tariffs, and port fees in each of the ports designated or authorized for that purpose. Another factor of enormous relevance consisted in the readjustments that took place in commercial practices and in the distribution network of the Indian Ocean-Red Sea region due to the novel Roman presence, evident from the annexation of Egypt, and the search for amicitia with the Empire by various rulers of the area, ready to send diplomatic legations and gifts.
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