Zwanenberg, Patrick van (Author)
Millstone, Erik (Author)
The concepts and methods used by regulatory agencies worldwide to assess the safety of flavouring additives were designed by and for the flavouring industry. They embody and embed, in routine regulatory practice, the industry's commercial interests in minimising regulatory costs and the risk that the market for its products might be restricted. First sketched out by US flavouring company scientists in the early 1960s, this approach required almost no experimental data, and was highly permissive, relative to both our knowledge (and lack of it) about chemical toxicity and the ways other kinds of food additives are regulated. A ‘realist constructivist’ analysis illustrates how the industry's approach was also anti-scientific and unscientific because it served to discourage scientific investigation of important aspects of the phenomena it purported to evaluate, and because it relied on assumptions and hypotheses that lacked any evidential basis. The industry approach was first used to assess flavourings in the USA, where the industry was allowed to design and run its own regulatory regime. In all other regulatory jurisdictions, the industry's approach was rejected; expert advisors argued that it was incompatible with mandates to protect consumer health. Yet, the approach eventually prevailed everywhere. It did so in large part because of the collective refusal of the flavouring industry over three decades to provide the experimental data that had been requested by the regulatory authorities. This has been a form of regulatory capture, which was triggered by a remarkably effective tactic of non-cooperation with demands for data.
...More
Thesis
Janzen, Mark Ryan;
(2010)
The Cranberry Scare of 1959: The Beginning of the End of the Delaney Clause
(/isis/citation/CBB001567202/)
Book
Lisa Haushofer;
(2022)
Wonder Foods: The Science and Commerce of Nutrition
(/isis/citation/CBB755765560/)
Book
Andrew R. Ruis;
(2017)
Eating to Learn, Learning to Eat: The Origins of School Lunch in the United States
(/isis/citation/CBB039589050/)
Article
Dunn, Elizabeth Cullen;
(2011)
The Pasteurized State: Milk, Health and the Government of Risk
(/isis/citation/CBB001210133/)
Book
French, Michael;
Phillips, Jim;
(2000)
Cheated Not Poisoned? Food Regulation in the United Kingdom, 1875-1938
(/isis/citation/CBB000101232/)
Article
Carolyn Ann Cobbold;
(2018)
The Rise of Alternative Bread Leavening Technologies in the Nineteenth Century
(/isis/citation/CBB931973305/)
Article
Fernando Collantes;
(2019)
Why did the industrial diet triumph? The massification of dairy consumption in Spain, 1965–90
(/isis/citation/CBB245733911/)
Book
Mark Essig;
(2015)
Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig
(/isis/citation/CBB270846093/)
Book
Benjamin R. Cohen;
(2019)
Pure Adulteration: Cheating on Nature in the Age of Manufactured Food
(/isis/citation/CBB174903984/)
Book
Sanford, A. Whitney;
(2012)
Growing Stories from India: Religion and the Fate of Agriculture
(/isis/citation/CBB001201779/)
Article
Phillips, Sarah T.;
Potts, Dale;
Petty, Adrienne;
Schultz, Mark;
Stalcup, Sam;
Effland, Anne;
(2013)
Reflections on One Hundred and Fifty Years of the United States Department of Agriculture
(/isis/citation/CBB001320820/)
Article
Christy Spackman;
(2020)
Just noticeable: Erasing place in municipal water treatment in the U.S. during the interwar period
(/isis/citation/CBB106436490/)
Article
Brinkmann, Sören;
(2014)
Leite e modernidade: ideologia e políticas de alimentação na era Vargas
(/isis/citation/CBB001420714/)
Article
Souza, Juliana Teixeira;
(2011)
Carne podre, café com milho e leite com água: disputas de autoridade e fiscalização do comércio de gêneros na Corte imperial, 1840--1889
(/isis/citation/CBB001420548/)
Article
Loeber, Anne;
(2011)
The Food Chain Reforged: Novel Food Risk Arrangements and the Metamorphosis of a Metaphor
(/isis/citation/CBB001034640/)
Article
Nadia Berenstein;
(2016)
Making a Global Sensation: Vanilla Flavor, Synthetic Chemistry, and the Meanings of Purity
(/isis/citation/CBB852835361/)
Article
de la Peña, Carolyn;
(2013)
Good to Think with: Another Look at the Mechanized Tomato
(/isis/citation/CBB001320895/)
Book
Edge, John T;
Engelhardt, Elizabeth S D;
Ownby, Ted;
(2013)
The Larder: Food Studies Methods from the American South
(/isis/citation/CBB001422249/)
Book
Wallach, Jennifer Jensen;
(2013)
How America Eats: A Social History of U.S. Food and Culture
(/isis/citation/CBB001202133/)
Book
Matthew Roth;
(2018)
Magic Bean: The Rise of Soy in America
(/isis/citation/CBB533438477/)
Be the first to comment!