Article ID: CBB621898765

Secrecy and the Genesis of the 1951 Dutch-Norwegian Nuclear Reactor (2021)

unapi

Despite the restrictions on knowledge and materials of the Anglo-American nuclear monopoly in the early Cold War, Norway and the Netherlands managed to build and operate a joint nuclear reactor by July 1951. They were the first countries to do so after the Great Powers. Their success was largely due to the combination of the strategic materials of heavy water (Norway) and uranium (the Netherlands). Nonetheless, they had to overcome significant political and technical obstacles. In that process a number of specific nuclear secrets played a central role. This case is used to study how and why knowledge circulation was impeded by secrecy. Specifically, I will explore four different secrets that illustrate how the Netherlands and Norway, being outside the British and American secrecy regimes, chafed against those regimes. Knowledge circulation was enabled through relations within networks that were at the same time scientific, diplomatic, and personal. I will identify three main factors that affected the mobility of information: the availability of strategic nuclear materials, the scientists’ individual interactions, and national interests.

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Authors & Contributors
Menzel, Julia Harriet
Hyun, Jaehwan
Alison Lynn McManus
Slota, Stephen C.
Fredona, Robert
Wiggins, Joel
Concepts
International cooperation
Scientific communities; interprofessional relations
Science and politics
Nationalism
Secrecy
Universities and colleges
Time Periods
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
18th century
17th century
Early modern
Places
United States
Netherlands
South Korea
Norway
China
North Korea
Institutions
East Asian Biosphere Reserve Network
Human Genome Project
American Physical Society
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