Article ID: CBB606046346

Technological entrepreneurship from patenting to commercializing: a survey of late nineteenth and early twentieth century physics lecturers (2017)

unapi

Katzir, Shaul (Author)


History and Technology
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 109-125


Publication Date: 2017
Edition Details: Special Issue: Commercializing Science: Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Academic Scientists as Consultants, Patentees, and Entrepreneurs
Language: English

Only a few late nineteenth and early twentieth century academic physicists sought to develop, produce and market technical inventions. This paper examines a few pre-World War I scientists from the German speaking world who committed to ‘full blown entrepreneurship’ and compares them to others who invented and patented but did not pursue a business enterprise. It shows that the turn to entrepreneurship required a combination of intellectual, technical, social and individual factors. Connections between their scientific research and teaching and new technological fields related to science opened possibilities and allowed scientists to exploit their laboratory and theoretical expertise to develop devices and methods. The marketability of these inventions was a central factor in moving them to an industrial career. This turn resulted from pushes within the academia and pulls towards industry: low professional prospects and financial difficulties in the university and/or attractive offers by industrialists.

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Article Joris Mercelis; Gabriel Galvez-Behar; Anna Guagnini (2017) Introduction: Commercializing science: nineteenth- and twentieth-century academic scientists as consultants, patentees, and entrepreneurs. History and Technology (pp. 4-22). unapi

Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB606046346/

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Authors & Contributors
Guagnini, Anna
Katzir, Shaul
Mercelis, Joris
Berman, Elizabeth Popp
Bradbury, Savil
Cahan, David L.
Journals
History and Technology
Social Studies of Science
Annals of Science: The History of Science and Technology
The Bridge: Journal of the National Academy of Engineering
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
History of Physics Newsletter
Publishers
Springer
Shishu Sahitya Samsad
Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Concepts
Science and technology, relationships
Research and development (R&D)
Universities and colleges
Commercialization
Physics
Engineering
People
Aron, Hermann
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
Abbe, Ernst
Einstein, Albert
Galilei, Galileo
Reuleaux, Franz
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
21st century
17th century
20th century, early
20th century, late
Places
Germany
United States
Great Britain
India
Austria
Italy
Institutions
American Institute of Physics
Freie Universität Berlin
Siemens AG
Technische Hochschule Berlin Charlottenburg
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