Ptolemy’s cleverness in high level mathematical calculations and astronomy has overshadowed the sources he was actually using. Some particularities, mistakes and parallels show that he made a great use of itineraries and periploi. This paper focuses on the treatment Ptolemy made of this material and on its impact on Ptolemy’s mapping of the known world. Ptolemy had at hand a large number of data relating to maritime routes roughly measured and poorly oriented. Many mistakes find their origin in this material, that the geographer has often re-elaborated. The distribution on a same line of three or more places situated on a same route and the "opposed" places are two main consequences of the use of periplographic material. A cartographic method based on schematism and on three sets of maps drawn in orthogonal projection corresponding to three key-values of the degree of longitude (300, 400, 500 stades) is likely.
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