Coelho, Ricardo Lopes (Author)
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Volume: 49
Pages: 199-241
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, problems in the foundations of physics became especially acute. To overcome these problems, Hertz developed a philosophy of physics on which to base his mechanical theory. The essential point of this philosophy is as follows: a physical theory is an image created by us. Hertz’s image is based on a unique proposition, which is also the only one drawn from experiments. Starting from this principle, which is a law of inertia for systems, Hertz subsumes in his theory the equations of motion of non-free systems and the principles of d’Alembert, Gauß, Hamilton, and Jacobi. This is the “new connection” of the principles of mechanics, a topic highlighted in the complete title of Hertz’s book, but not discussed in the literature. Open questions in the literature, concerning space, mass, force, hidden masses and dynamical models are finally addressed. In the first section of the present paper, an overview of the reception of Hertz’s mechanics is given.
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