Article ID: CBB580909336

Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), and the naming of “poliomyelitis” (2022)

unapi

In most parts of the developed world today, the neurological diagnosis of poliomyelitis is discussed only as a historical curiosity. For decades an epidemic cause for lameness and paralysis in infected children, reported cases of polio plummeted following the introduction of effective vaccines against the causative virus in the 1950s and 1960s. Much has been written of the trials and successes of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, but little is generally known about how the disease was originally named. In an authoritative reference work on the History of Poliomyelitis (1971), John R. Paul attributed in passing the coining of the term “poliomyelitis” to the celebrated German clinician Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902). Kussmaul is widely known to physicians today for several unrelated contributions, but none of his authorized biographers have mentioned his naming the disease. In this historical review article, we set out to verify the claim that Kussmaul coined the term “poliomyelitis,” surveying in the process his broader contributions to neurology and medicine.

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Authors & Contributors
Barahona, Ana Echeverría
Beeson, Paul B.
Breathnach, Ciara
Brian, Kathleeen M.
Caponi, Sandra
Castagnini, Augusto C.
Journals
History of Psychiatry
História, Ciências, Saúde---Manguinhos
Social History of Medicine
Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
Canadian Bulletin of Medical History/Bulletin Canadienne d'Histoire de la Medecine
History of Science
Concepts
Nosology; classification of diseases
Psychiatry
Mental disorders and diseases
Medicine
Diagnosis
Philosophy of medicine
People
Kussmaul, Adolf
Braid, James
Charcot, Jean Martin
Farr, William
Kraepelin, Emil
Mesmer, Franz Anton
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
17th century
18th century
21st century
Places
France
England
Korea
Venice (Italy)
Europe
Germany
Institutions
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
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