Article ID: CBB580909336

Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), and the naming of “poliomyelitis” (2022)

unapi

In most parts of the developed world today, the neurological diagnosis of poliomyelitis is discussed only as a historical curiosity. For decades an epidemic cause for lameness and paralysis in infected children, reported cases of polio plummeted following the introduction of effective vaccines against the causative virus in the 1950s and 1960s. Much has been written of the trials and successes of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, but little is generally known about how the disease was originally named. In an authoritative reference work on the History of Poliomyelitis (1971), John R. Paul attributed in passing the coining of the term “poliomyelitis” to the celebrated German clinician Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902). Kussmaul is widely known to physicians today for several unrelated contributions, but none of his authorized biographers have mentioned his naming the disease. In this historical review article, we set out to verify the claim that Kussmaul coined the term “poliomyelitis,” surveying in the process his broader contributions to neurology and medicine.

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Authors & Contributors
Jones, David W.
P. Willey
Patrick J. Collison
Priani, Egidio
Martín Espinosa, Noelia María
Mason, Daniel
Journals
History of Psychiatry
Sociology
Social Science History
Social History of Medicine
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Publishers
Los Libros de la Catarata
Concepts
Nosology; classification of diseases
Psychiatry
Disease and diseases
Mental disorders and diseases
Medicine
Diagnosis
People
Kussmaul, Adolf
Ignazio Carrieri
Francesco De Raho
Andresen, Christopher Schroeder
Symonds, Charles
Virchow, Rudolf Carl
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
21st century
18th century
17th century
Places
England
London (England)
United States
Germany
France
Europe
Institutions
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
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