Article ID: CBB573664538

How to Make the Earth Orbit the Sun in 1614 (2019)

unapi

In 1614 the Jesuit astronomer Christoph Scheiner and his student, Johann Georg Locher, proposed a physical mechanism to explain how the Earth could orbit the sun. An orbit, they said, is a perpetual fall. They proposed this despite the fact that they rejected the Copernican system, citing problems with falling bodies and the sizes of stars under that system. In 1651 and again in 1680, Jesuit writers Giovanni Battista Riccioli and Athanasius Kircher, respectively, considered and rejected outright this idea of an orbit as a perpetual fall. Thus this important concept of an orbit was proposed, considered, and rejected well before Isaac Newton would use an entirely different physics to make the idea that an orbit is a perpetual fall the common way of envisioning and explaining orbits.

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Authors & Contributors
Graney, Christopher M.
Marcacci, Flavia
Gambaro, Ivana L.
Castaldi, Francesco
De Pace, Anna
Dick, Wolfgang R.
Journals
Annals of Science: The History of Science and Technology
Physics in Perspective
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Tarikh-e Elm (The Iranian Journal for the History of Science)
Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Mathematics, Science, and Technology
Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
Publishers
University of Notre Dame Press
Guaraldi
Olschki
Verlag Harri Deutsch
Pavia University Press
Concepts
Astronomy
Cosmology
Physics
Science and religion
Geocentrism
Celestial mechanics
People
Riccioli, Giovanni Battista
Galilei, Galileo
Brahe, Tycho
Copernicus, Nicolaus
Scheiner, Christoph
Beati, Gabriele
Time Periods
17th century
16th century
18th century
19th century
Ancient
Medieval
Places
Italy
Europe
Germany
Portugal
Spain
Bologna (Italy)
Institutions
Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
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