The Buddhist contribution to the history of imperial Chinese print culture is well known. This essay contends that Chinese Buddhists actively engaged in the new print culture of the late Qing and Republican eras, a distinctive culture that arose with the importation of mechanized print technologies and the concentration of publishing in a few urban industrial-commercial centers. The emphasis is on the formation of the modern Buddhist cultures of textual production. mechanized publishing and new, rapid forms of transportation made ancient dreams of universally spreading the Dharma through the printed word seem possible. Many Buddhists seized new methods and led the way for a shift in Buddhist text production toward the major urban industrial-commercial publishing centers, particularly Shanghai. New types of Buddhist presses and bookstores, influenced by this new print culture, developed.
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