Article ID: CBB542794844

The Kibbutz and the Ashram: Sarvodaya Agriculture, Israeli Aid, and the Global Imaginaries of Indian Development (2020)

unapi

In the first two decades of Indian independence, members of the Sarvodaya movement—India’s popular, non-state program for Gandhian social uplift—sought to partner with representatives of Israel’s developmental apparatus to build a communal agricultural settlement at Gandhi’s former ashram. Working against the lure of large-scale, Nehruvian development, Cold War politics, and cool formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, Indian votaries of small-scale rural uplift saw in Israeli collective agriculture the chance to give Gandhian “constructive work” a practical program rooted in voluntary, village-based socialism—a goal that eluded Gandhi himself. Israeli planners saw their work with Indian civil society as a means of securing the formal diplomatic sanction largely stymied by India’s relationship with the broader Muslim world. Gandhi’s vision of the Indian “village Republic” and the Israeli model of agrarian collectivism both owed their origins to nineteenth-century utopian thought, and both projects felt anachronistic by the time of their decade-long joint effort, whose initial promise succumbed to realpolitik and the hegemony of the developmental state. Yet their work foregrounds the enduring international stake that Indian civil society maintained in development and nation-building, long presumed to have withered with the arrival of the nation-state.

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Authors & Contributors
McAlpine, John
Bleeker, Pieter
Chorev, Nitsan
Freyne, David
Hide, Robin L.
Keig, Gael
Journals
Agricultural History
Indian Journal of History of Science
History and Technology
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
Historische Zeitschrift
Historical Records of Australian Science
Publishers
University of California, Davis
University of Washington Press
Purdue University Press
Princeton University Press
Oxford University Press
Columbia University Press
Concepts
Agriculture
Economic development
Development aid
Socialism
Green revolution
Globalization; internationalization
People
Sarabhai, Vikram
Borlaug, Norman Ernest
Eisenhower, Dwight David
Hayek, Friedrich August von
Time Periods
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
20th century, early
19th century
18th century
Places
India
Soviet Union
United States
China
Israel
Mekong River
Institutions
Pan American Health Organization
Tennessee Valley Authority
Rockefeller Foundation
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) (Australia)
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