Classifications are connected with theories. The connection allows us to say that classifications have something to do with truth and knowledge. The kind of intended connection influences the way of conceiving the multiplicity of possible classifications for the same collection of entities. In some cases, a classification not only organizes the knowledge we already have of the classified entities but it helps to increase it. The aspect under which knowledge and classification interact most often concerns the identity of the classified entities. A brief survey of the classifications of diseases highlights this aspect. Moreover, it highlights the fact that different classes of diseases correspond to different theories, and that there is no clearly preferable way of classifying all diseases. Some ideas for a uniform and systematic management of this variety are proposed.
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