Article
ID: CBB510677678

Nonhuman Primates in Public Health: Between Biological Standardization, Conservation and Care (2023)

unapi
Care Human-animal relationships Conservation of natural resources Animal experimentation Biomedicine Vaccines; vaccination Public health Primates 20th century, late World Health Organization (WHO)

By the mid-1960s, nonhuman primates had become key experimental organisms for vaccine development and testing, and was seen by many scientists as important for the future success of this field as well as other biomedical undertakings. A major hindrance to expanding the use of nonhuman primates was the dependency on wild-captured animals. In addition to unreliable access and poor animal health, procurement of wild primates involved the circulation of infectious diseases and thus also public health hazards. This paper traces how the World Health Organization (WHO) became involved in the issue of primate supply, and shows how by the late 1960s concerns for vaccine development and the conservation of wildlife began to converge. How did the WHO navigate public health and animal health? What characterized the response and with what implications for humans and animals? The paper explores how technical standards of care were central to managing the conflicting concerns of animal and human health, biological standardization, and conservation. While the WHO’s main aim was to prevent public health risks, I argue that imposing new standards of care implied establishing new hierarchies of humans and animals, and cultures of care.

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Authors & Contributors
Hochman, Gilberto
Palmer, Steven Paul
Arbex, Danieli
Báguena Cervellera, María José
Ballester, Rosa
Bishop, Rebecca
Journals
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
História, Ciências, Saúde---Manguinhos
Science-Fiction Studies
Social Studies of Science
Dynamis: Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam
Endeavour: Review of the Progress of Science
Publishers
Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University Press
Concepts
Human-animal relationships
Public health
Vaccines; vaccination
Primates
Animal experimentation
Disease and diseases
People
Haraway, Donna Jeanne
Foege, William H.
Garner, Richard Lynch
Salk, Jonas Edward
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
McNamara, Robert Strange
Time Periods
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
19th century
20th century, early
Places
Brazil
Africa
Caribbean
Paris (France)
India
Canada
Institutions
World Health Organization (WHO)
Rockefeller Foundation
Centers for Disease Control (U.S.)
United Nations
World Bank
European Association against Poliomyelitis
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