Alongside his much-discussed theory that humans are permanently, if only tacitly, self-aware, Avicenna proposed that in actively conscious self-knowers the subject and object of thought are identical. He applies to both humans and God the slogan that the self-knower is “intellect, intellecting, and object of intellection (‘aql, ‘āqil, ma‘qūl)”. This paper examines reactions to this idea in the Islamic East from the 12th-13th centuries. A wide range of philosophers such as Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Šahrastānī, Šaraf al-Dīn al-Mas‘ūdī, al-Abharī, al-Āmidī, and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī raised and countered objections to Avicenna's position. One central problem was that on widely accepted definitions of knowledge – according to which knowledge is representational or consists in a relation – it seems impossible for the subject and object of knowledge to be the same. Responses to this difficulty included the idea that a self-knower is “present” to itself, or that here subject and object are different only in “aspect (i‘tibār)”., Au cours de son exposé de sa thèse si disputée selon laquelle les êtres humains sont de manière permanente, fût-ce tacitement, conscients d'eux-mêmes, Avicenne suggère que dans les auto-connaissants activement conscients, le sujet et l'objet de la pensée sont identiques. Il applique alors – à la fois aux êtres humains et à Dieu – le slogan affirmant que l'auto-connaissant est « intellect, intelligeant et intelligé » (‘aql, ‘āqil, ma‘qūl). Cet article examine les réactions à cette idée dans l'Est du monde islamique durant les 12ème et 13ème siècles. Un grand nombre de philosophes, tels Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Šahrastānī, Šaraf al-Dīn al-Mas‘ūdī, al-Abharī, al-Āmidī et Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī ont en effet soulevé des objections à l'encontre de la position d'Avicenne et ont apporté des réponses à ces objections. Un problème central a consisté dans le fait que selon des définitions généralement acceptées de la connaissance – d'après lesquelles la connaissance est représentationnelle ou consiste dans une relation –, il paraissait impossible pour le sujet et l'objet de la connaissance d’être le même. Des réponses à cette difficulté ont mis en place l'idée que tout autoconnaissant est « présent » à soi, ou que dans ce cas, le sujet et l'objet sont différents seulement selon l’ « aspect » (i‘tibār).
...MoreSimilar Citations
Article
Thom, Paul;
(2010)
Abharī on the Logic of Conjunctive Terms
(/isis/citation/CBB000933053/)
Article
Jolivet, Jean;
(2000)
Al-Sahrastani critique d'Avicenne dans la lutte contre les philosophes (quelques aspects)
(/isis/citation/CBB000111373/)
Article
Lagerlund, Henrik;
(2009)
Avicenna and Ṭūsī on Modal Logic
(/isis/citation/CBB001211042/)
Article
Roshdi Rashed;
(2019)
IBN AL-HAYTHAM, IBN SĪNĀ, AL-ṬŪSĪ : ÉGALITÉ OU CONGRUENCE
(/isis/citation/CBB521388295/)
Chapter
Lizzini, Olga;
(2006)
L'Epistola sulle divisioni delle scienze intellettuali di Avicenna: alcune note sulla definizione e la collocazione della profetologia e della psicologia
(/isis/citation/CBB001020298/)
Article
Emadi, Abdorasoul;
Rahimi Shrebaf, Gholamhossein;
(2012)
Movement According to Ibn Sīnā and Abū al-Barakāt Baghdādī
(/isis/citation/CBB001510313/)
Article
Ömer Türker;
(2014)
Being and Meaning: Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî and His Followers on Identity of Knowledge and Known
(/isis/citation/CBB372462790/)
Article
Rashed, Roshdi;
(2002)
Dio, la cosa e le matematiche
(/isis/citation/CBB000502806/)
Chapter
Spallino, Patrizia;
(2008)
“Dall'Uno non procede che uno”: l'interpretazione islamica della produzione dell'essere nelle “Rasā'il” di Qūnawī e Ṭūsī
(/isis/citation/CBB001020564/)
Article
Kaya, M. Cüneyt;
(2014)
In the Shadow of “Prophetic Legislation”: The Venture of Practical Philosophy after Avicenna
(/isis/citation/CBB001451155/)
Article
Danielle Jacquart;
(2018)
Est-il possible et légitime pour un médecin médiéval de prévoir la longévité d’un patient?
(/isis/citation/CBB945299826/)
Book
Strohmaier, Gotthard;
(1999)
Avicenna
(/isis/citation/CBB000111377/)
Book
Rahman, Shahid;
(2008)
Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology and Their Interactions
(/isis/citation/CBB000951507/)
Book
Dag Nikolaus Hasse;
Amos Bertolacci;
(2018)
The Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin Reception of Avicenna's Physics and Cosmology
(/isis/citation/CBB464758264/)
Book
Avicenna, ;
Riet, S. van;
Janssens, J.;
Allard, A.;
(2006)
Liber primus Naturalium: tractatus secundus, De motu et de consimilibus
(/isis/citation/CBB000775245/)
Thesis
Alwishah, Ahmed R. D.;
(2006)
Avicenna's Philosophy of Mind: Self-Awareness and Intentionality
(/isis/citation/CBB001561549/)
Book
Di Martino, Carla;
(2008)
Ratio Particularis: Doctrines des sens internes d'Avicenne à Thomas d'Aquin
(/isis/citation/CBB000951059/)
Thesis
Acar, Rahim;
(2002)
Creation: A Comparative Study between Avicenna's and Aquinas' Positions
(/isis/citation/CBB001562516/)
Chapter
Guldentops, Guy;
(2006)
James of Douai's Theory of Knowledge
(/isis/citation/CBB001020127/)
Book
Natalis, Hervaeus;
(2008)
A Treatise of Master Hervaeus Natalis (D. 1323), the Doctor Perspicacissimus, On Second Intentions
(/isis/citation/CBB000951766/)
Nazariyat: İslam Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences)
Micrologus: Nature, Sciences and Medieval Societies
Tarikh-e Elm (The Iranian Journal for the History of Science)
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
History and Philosophy of Logic
Be the first to comment!