Article ID: CBB490183357

Typical: A Theory of Typicality and Typicality Explanation (2022)

unapi

Typicality is routinely invoked in everyday contexts: bobcats are typically short-tailed; people are typically less than seven feet tall. Typicality is invoked in scientific contexts as well: typical gases expand; typical quantum systems exhibit probabilistic behaviour. And typicality facts like these support many explanations, both quotidian and scientific. But what is it for something to be typical? And how do typicality facts explain? In this paper, I propose a general theory of typicality. I analyse the notion of a typical property. I provide a formalism for typicality explanations, and I give an account of why typicality explanations are explanatory. Along the way, I show how typicality facts explain a variety of phenomena, from everyday phenomena to the statistical mechanical behaviour of gases. Finally, I argue that typicality is not the same thing as probability.

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Authors & Contributors
Campos, Daniel G.
Fitelson, Branden
Folkerts, Menso
Galavotti, Maria Carla
Gardner, Robert B.
Hashagen, Ulf
Journals
British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Philosophy of Science
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Perspectives on Science
Publishers
Cambridge University Press
F. Steiner
Oxford University Press
Rodopi
University of Chicago Press
Concepts
Philosophy of science
Probability and statistics
Causality
Logic
Explanation; hypotheses; theories
Mathematics
People
Canguilhem, Georges
Mises, Richard von
Reichenbach, Hans
Bayes, Thomas
Carnap, Rudolf
Goldstein, Kurt
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
21st century
Modern
Places
Turkey
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