Article ID: CBB490183357

Typical: A Theory of Typicality and Typicality Explanation (2022)

unapi

Typicality is routinely invoked in everyday contexts: bobcats are typically short-tailed; people are typically less than seven feet tall. Typicality is invoked in scientific contexts as well: typical gases expand; typical quantum systems exhibit probabilistic behaviour. And typicality facts like these support many explanations, both quotidian and scientific. But what is it for something to be typical? And how do typicality facts explain? In this paper, I propose a general theory of typicality. I analyse the notion of a typical property. I provide a formalism for typicality explanations, and I give an account of why typicality explanations are explanatory. Along the way, I show how typicality facts explain a variety of phenomena, from everyday phenomena to the statistical mechanical behaviour of gases. Finally, I argue that typicality is not the same thing as probability.

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Authors & Contributors
Fitelson, Branden
Vagelli, Matteo
Roure, Pascale
Moya-Diez, Ivan
Pruss, Alexander R.
Mayo, Lee Allen
Concepts
Philosophy of science
Probability and statistics
Philosophy
Logic
Physics
Normality
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
20th century, early
20th century, late
19th century
Places
Turkey
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