Article ID: CBB478081921

Wilhelm Erb (1840–1921), an influential German founder of neurology in the nineteenth century (2021)

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As an internist, Wilhelm Erb (1840–1921) developed neurology (he also used the term “neuropathology” synonymously) in the tradition of his teacher, Nikolaus Friedreich, in Heidelberg. He left behind a huge corpus of semiological and nosological elements that now constitute our current knowledge of neurology, much more than just the eponyms associated with his name. In 1891, he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde [Journal of Neurology] together with internist-neurologist colleagues, thus creating the counterpart to the Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten [Archive for Psychiatry and Neurology], which was founded by Berlin neuropsychiatrists Wilhelm Griesinger and Carl Westphal. Despite his reservations about the Gesellschaft Deutscher Nervenärzte [Society of German Nerve Doctors], he was elected its first president in 1907. Erb was also one of the most important representatives of electrodiagnosis and therapy in Europe. He had many disciples who were part of the Heidelberg School of Neurology. His anti-Semitism—a widespread Zeitgeist phenomenon—was documented in several letters to his friend, neurologist Adolf von Strümpell, in which he expressed his contempt for the growing role of Jewish neurologists. Erb’s retirement years were marked by illnesses, depression, and grief over the death of three of his sons.

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Authors & Contributors
Forsbach, Ralf
Wagner, Armin
Victor Genin
Svetlikova, Ilona
Wolff, Stefan L.
Szöllösi-Janze, Margit
Concepts
Societies; institutions; academies
Antisemitism
Neurology
National Socialism
Science and politics
Science and culture
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century
21st century
Places
Germany
Berlin (Germany)
Moscow (Russia)
Hamburg (Germany)
England
Weimar Republic (1919-1933)
Institutions
International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology
Universität Leipzig
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Interessengemeinschaft Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft
Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte
Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
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