Le télescope pyrhéliométrique de Charles Féry et la mesure de la température du Soleil (2018)
Durey, Guillaume (Author)
Beaudouin, Denis (Author)
Legrand, André Pierre (Author)
Leridon, Brigitte (Author)
Nuncius: Annali di Storia della Scienza
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 345-371
The Fïry pyrheliometric telescope has been re-discovered during an inventory at ESPCI Paris. This one-of-a-kind instrument enabled in 1906 the measurement of the surface temperature of the Sun, with an accuracy within 2% of the modern value. Its innovative design builds upon earlier models of pyrometers conceived by physicist Charles Fïry to evaluate the temperature of industrial furnaces. It consists in a traditional Newton-like optical reflecting telescope outfitted with a thermocouple. The pyrheliometermeasuresradiative power as an electric potential difference. Provided the heat source behaves as a black body, one can convert this power into a temperature, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The instrument was carried twice at the top of the mont Blanc to be operated by astronomer Gaston Millochau. It is both a privileged witness to the birth of physical astronomy and a testimony to the tradition of fruitful interplay between fundamental and applied research conducted at ESPCI.
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