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Article ID: CBB457018901

The Sequences and the Sequencers: What Can a Mixed-Methods Approach Reveal about the History of Genomics? (2022)

Rhodri Ivor Leng (Author)
Gil Viry (Author)
García-Sancho, Miguel (Author)
James Lowe (Author)
Mark Wong (Author)
Vermeulen, Niki (Author)

Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 277-319

DOI: 10.1525/hsns.2022.52.3.277

URI: https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article/52/3/277/185529/The-Sequences-and-the-SequencersWhat-Can-a-Mixed

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Historiography History of science, as a discipline Scientific collaboration Network theory; network analysis Social networks Human genetics Molecular sequencing Genomics 21st century 20th century, late

This special issue on sequences and sequencers uses new analytical approaches to re-assess the history of genomics. Historical attention has largely focused on a few central characters and institutions: those that participated in the Human Genome Project (HGP), especially its final stages. Our analysis—based on an assessment of almost 13.5 million DNA sequence submissions and 30,000 publications of human, yeast, and pig DNA sequences—followed overlapping chronologies starting before and finishing after the concerted efforts to sequence the genomes of each species: 1980 to 2000 in yeast, 1985 to 2005 for the human, and 1990 to 2015 for the pig. Our main conclusion is that when broader sequencing practices—especially those addressed to nonhuman species—are taken into account, the large-scale center model that characterized the organization of the HGP falls short in representing genomics as a whole. Instead of taking the HGP as a model, we describe an iterative process in which the practices of sequence submission and publication were entangled. Analysis of co-authorship networks between institutions derived from our data shows how linked sequence submission and publication were to medical, biochemical, and agricultural research. Our analysis thus reveals the utility of big data and mixed-methods approaches for addressing science as a multidimensional endeavor with a history shaped by co-constitutive, synchronic interactions among different elements—such as communities, species, and disciplines—as much as diachronic trajectories over time. This perspective enables us to better capture interdisciplinary and interspecies work, and offers a more fluid portrayal of the connections between scientific practices and agricultural, industrial, and medical goals. This essay is part of a special issue entitled The Sequences and the Sequencers: A New Approach to Investigating the Emergence of Yeast, Human, and Pig Genomics, edited by Miguel García-Sancho and James Lowe.

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Article Miguel García-Sancho; Rhodri Leng; Gil Viry; Mark Wong; Niki Vermeulen; James Lowe (2022) The Human Genome Project as a Singular Episode in the History of Genomics. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (pp. 320-360). unapi

Article Miguel García-Sancho; James Lowe; Gil Viry; Rhodri Leng; Mark Wong; Niki Vermeulen (2022) Yeast Sequencing: “Network” Genomics and Institutional Bridges. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (pp. 361-400). unapi

Article James Lowe; Rhodri Leng; Gil Viry; Mark Wong; Niki Vermeulen; Miguel García-Sancho (2022) The Bricolage of Pig Genomics. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (pp. 401-442). unapi

Article James Lowe; Miguel García-Sancho; Rhodri Leng; Mark Wong; Niki Vermeulen; Gil Viry (2022) Across and within Networks: Thickening the History of Genomics. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences (pp. 443-475). unapi

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