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Article ID: CBB447582249

Patterns and Processes in Macroevolution (2009)

Rosslenbroich, Bernd (Author)

Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology
Volume: 14
Pages: 171-184

URI: http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de/handle/3/Annals_of_the_history_and_philosophy_of_biology_series

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A systems approach is presented which perceives the organism as well as organs and cells as integrative units, which impose restricting and regulating functions upon their component parts. At the same time these units depend on the functions of their parts, so that a reciprocal interdependence emerges. In this sense a system is seen as a relatively autonomous entity which ensures the functionality and integrity of the whole system. Organisms are organized by a hierarchy of such systems with complex interrelations between them on different levels. During evolution the different levels of this hierarchy were formed. This generated increasing capacities of self-determination and relative environmental independence of the individual organisms.

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