Article ID: CBB438527364

E. E. Just and Creativity in Science. The Importance of Diversity (2015)

unapi

Renowned biologist Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941) was an outspoken advocate for the classical embryologist’s view of the cell; he believed that all the parts of the cell, but especially the cytoplasm, have important roles to play in the process of development, whereby a one-celled zygote becomes a many-celled animal. In opposition to geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan, Just formulated a hypothesis for how the cell works in development, one that gave a more dominant role to cytoplasmic (instead of nuclear) factors. This paper argues that, in creating his hypothesis, Just applied insights from the African American intellectual community in which he was immersed, much as Charles Darwin applied insights from British political economist Thomas R. Malthus in formulating his theory of evolution by natural selection. This in no way diminishes the scientific validity of Just’s (or Darwin’s) hypothesis. Rather, it highlights Just’s creativity and, as such, points to the importance of having diversity in science.

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Authors & Contributors
Tanya Hart
Mendes, Gabriel N.
Lerone A. Martin
Varel, David Alan
Sharma, Alankaar
Wilson, Jamie Jaywann
Concepts
African Americans and science
African Americans
Medicine and race
Race
Public health
Cytology
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
20th century
Places
United States
Southern states (U.S.)
New York City (New York, U.S.)
Ohio (U.S.)
Germany
Maryland (U.S.)
Institutions
Lafargue Mental Hygiene Clinic
American Social Hygiene Association
University of Chicago
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