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Article ID: CBB436179532

Enregistrer l’ethnicité au XVIIIe siècle: l’identification des migrants ottomans à la frontière habsbourgeoise / Recording the Ethnicity in the 18th century: The Identification of Ottoman Migrants at the Habsburg Border (2019)

Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine
Volume: 66/4
Pages: 89-120

URI: http://www.rhmc.fr/articles/2019-4-enregistrer-l-ethnicite-au-xviii-sup-e-sup-siecle-l-identification-des-migrants-ottomans-a-la-frontiere-habsbourgeoise/

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Borderlands Frontier Quarantine Migration Ethnic identity 18th century Ottoman Empire Habsburg, House of

Following on the heels of the large Mediterranean ports, the Habsburg Monarchy established a quarantine system on its land border with the Ottoman Empire during the 18th century. Originally, traveler identification had a commercial and sanitary purpose, but it swiftly began to address another aim: regulating the peasants’ migrations. With this change, one can see an unexpected association between two practices: on the one hand, imported proceedings from the imperial center that conformed to policing standards debated by European administrators at this time; on the other hand, manorial monitoring of peasants’ mobility. In this context, migrants were identified according to their supposed “nation”. Clothing, which was a marker of social status in the Ottoman lands, came to be considered as a criterion to identify individuals and as an indication of political loyalty beyond the border as early as the 1750s. Twenty-five years later, the way migrating peasants were sorted and allocated land in a specific village was based on linguistic affiliation. The role of ethnicity in registering individual identities was not the result of an anachronistic imperial politics of ethnic difference. It reflected the local knowledge of manorial officers in charge of land settlement, intensified by the extension of the bureaucratic correspondence network.

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