Article
ID: CBB429779897

Landmilitärische oder seemilitärische Expertise? Transformationen der Legitimationsbasis der Kaiserlichen Marine, ca. 1871–1900 (Expertise by Land or Sea? Changing Patterns of Legitimation of the German Navy, c. 1871–1900) (2019)

unapi
Kriegsmarine (Germany) Public opinion Ships and shipbuilding Technological innovation Engineering, naval Military technology Authorities; experts 20th century, early 19th century

Unmittelbar vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg hatte die deutsche Marine eine enorme politische und kulturelle Bedeutung. Ihre von souveränen Experten gebauten Kriegsschiffe galten als hochmoderne Spitzentechnik, die die nationale Leistungsfähigkeit symbolisierten und einen weltpolitischen Aufstieg Deutschlands zu verbürgen schienen. Wie hatten die Seestreitkräfte eine solch starke Stellung erlangt? Diese Frage drängt sich umso mehr auf, bedenkt man, dass die Marine in den frühen 1870er Jahren als recht unbedeutend galt und weit hinter der Armee zurückblieb, ja tatsächlich unter der Kontrolle von Generälen stand. Der Aufsatz verfolgt, wie der rasche technische Wandel im Schiffbau dazu führte, dass im Zuge der öffentlichen Verhandlungen um ein schweres Schiffsunglück die neue normative Erwartung entstand, dass die Marine von seemilitärischen Experten geführt werden müsse. Obwohl die Seestreitkräfte noch längere Zeit von Armeegenerälen geleitet wurden, begann doch eine schrittweise Wahrnehmungsveränderung, die die Institution schließlich aus dem Schatten der Armee führte. In dem Maße, in dem es den Akteuren der Marine gelang, sich erfolgreich als Experten zu inszenieren und legitimieren, vergrößerte sich auch ihr politischer Handlungsspielraum. Der Bedeutungszuwachs der Marine ergab sich also nicht von selbst, sondern erst, als der technische Wandel in Bezug auf die seemilitärische Expertise der Leitung der Flotte öffentlich verhandelt wurde. Im Sinne einer Kulturgeschichte der Technik geht der Beitrag also am Beispiel der Seestreitkräfte der Frage nach, wie über die politische Bedeutung technischer Herausforderungen gesellschaftlich kommuniziert wurde. [Immediately before the First World War, the German navy had enormous political and cultural significance. Their warships, built by sovereign experts, were regarded as state-of-the-art cutting-edge technology that symbolized national capability and seemed to guarantee Germany’s rise to the status of a world power. How had the naval forces gained such a strong position? This question is the more urgent considering that in the early 1870s the navy was regarded as insignificant subordinate to the army, indeed being under the control of generals. The paper traces how rapid technological change in shipbuilding led to new normative expectations in the wake of public negotiations over a naval accident. The demand was that the navy be led by seafaring experts. Although the navy continued to be led by army generals for several years, the process had begun that eventually led to the navy shaking off army control. The extent to which the naval actors succeeded in staging and legitimizing themselves as experts defined their increasing political sphere of action. The growing importance of the navy was therefore not automatic but only emerged with the public negotiations on the technicalities of maritime expertise in fleet management. Along the lines of a cultural history of technology, taking the naval forces as an example this paper asks how the political significance of technological change in the military was publicly debated.]

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Article Christian Kehrt (2019) Einleitung. Zur Wahrnehmungsgeschichte von Militärtechnik (Introduction. On the history of perception of military technology). Technikgeschichte: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie (pp. 269-280). unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Harland, John H.
Gray, Steven
Michael H. Creswell
Gregory N. Stern
Géraldine Barron
Johnson, Oliver
Journals
Mariner's Mirror
Research in the History of Technology
Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari: Studies in Ottoman Science
Journal of Historical Geography
Journal for Maritime Research: Britian, the Sea and Global History
History and Technology
Publishers
Johns Hopkins University Press
PU MIDI
Wallstein Verlag
Routledge
Naval Institute Press
Nauka
Concepts
Engineering, naval
Ships and shipbuilding
Military technology
Technology and war; technology and the military
Technological innovation
Technology
People
Bentham, Samuel
Pâris, François-Edmond
Watt, James
Telford, Thomas
Maudslay, Henry
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
18th century
20th century
21st century
Places
Great Britain
United States
Ukraine
Japan
Germany
France
Institutions
Great Britain. Royal Navy
United States Navy
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