Thesis ID: CBB416193584

The Blank(Ish) Slate: Biology's Return to Analyses of Human Affairs (2017)

unapi

Intellectuals today frequently incorporate biology into their analyses of human affairs. The fact that they do so is rarely acknowledged, much less questioned. However, when one learns the history of the relationship between biology and the social sciences, today’s casual use of, and often dependence on, biological factors becomes a mystery. In the early 1900s thinkers of all stripes looked to biology—specifically the evolution of human beings—for guidance. Then, after the horrors of the holocaust became clear, Western society rejected the notion of innate biological differences between people and championed instead the paradigm of behaviorism, or the notion that all human beings are “blank slates” upon which culture scripts its values and ideas. How, then, did it come to pass that biological thinking returned to analyses of humans? In this paper I argue that two evolutionary biologists, William Hamilton and Robert Trivers, relied upon the insights of population genetics to demonstrate the evolutionary logic of cooperation and sacrifice, and that in doing so they gave the emotional and political “green light” to reintroduce biology to various fields.

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Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB416193584/

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Authors & Contributors
Creath, Richard
Efstathiou, Sophia
Folguera, Guillermo
Glick, Thomas F.
Gower, John
Green, Richard F.
Journals
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Biology and Philosophy
British Journal for the History of Science
Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology
Endeavour: Review of the Progress of Science
Filosofia e História da Biologia
Publishers
University of Pennsylvania
Cambridge University Press
University of Chicago Press
W.H. Freeman/Spektrum
Concepts
Biology
Population genetics
Evolution
Eugenics
Genetics
Natural selection
People
Hamilton, William Donald
Darwin, Charles Robert
Mayr, Ernst
Mill, John Stuart
Penrose, Lionel
Wright, Sewall
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
19th century
20th century, late
Places
Brazil
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