Article ID: CBB403328137

Historical Chinese efforts to determine longitude at sea (2022)

unapi

High-level Chinese cartographic developments predate European innovations by several centuries. Whereas European cartographic progress -- and in particular the search for a practical solution to the perennial "longitude problem" at sea -- was driven by persistent economic motivations, Chinese mapmaking efforts responded predominantly to administrative, cadastral and topographic needs. Nevertheless, contemporary Chinese scholars and navigators, to some extent aided by experienced Arab navigators and astronomers, developed independent means of longitude determination both on land and at sea, using a combination of astronomical observations and timekeeping devices that continued to operate adequately on pitching and rolling ships. Despite confusing and speculative accounts in the current literature and sometimes overt nationalistic rhetoric, Chinese technical capabilities applied to longitude determination at sea, while different in design from European advances owing to cultural and societal circumstances, were at least on a par with those of their European counterparts.

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Authors & Contributors
Grijs, Richard de
Boistel, Guy
Davies, Surekha
Débarbat, Suzanne
Despoix, Philippe
Dunn, Richard
Journals
Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences
Histoire & Mesure
História, Ciências, Saúde---Manguinhos
History and Technology
Imago Mundi: A Review of Early Cartography
Publishers
Harper Collins
Presses Universitaires de Rennes
IOP Publishing Ltd
Tinta da China
Concepts
Longitude and latitude
Nautical astronomy
Cartography
Instruments, navigational
Maps; atlases
Navigation
People
Cook, James
William Nicolas Dawes (British Marines Officer)
Galilei, Galileo
Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de
La Hire, Philippe de
Picard, Jean-Françoise
Time Periods
18th century
17th century
19th century
16th century
20th century, early
Enlightenment
Places
China
United States
Great Britain
British Columbia (Canada)
Europe
France
Institutions
National Maritime Museum (Great Britain)
Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
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