Although an Aristotelian-inspired representation of the universe remained dominant in Portugal well into the middle of 18th century, the cometary debate also led to the emergence of non-Aristotelian cosmologies in this country. It was due particularly to Francisco Sanches (1551-1623), whose Carmen de Cometa anni MDLXXVII (Lyon, 1578) offered a skeptical-inspired approach to the theory of knowledge and to the study of nature, to Estêvão Rodrigues de Castro (1560-1638), who summarised, in Carmen Allegoricon de Microcosmo (Florence, 1621), his eclectic worldview, influenced by Neo-Platonism, Stoic philosophy and by the atomist ideas of Lucretius, and to Manuel Bocarro Francês/alias Jacob Rosales, the author of Tratado dos Cometas que appareceram em Novembro passado de 1618 (1619) and especially of De Vera Mundi Compositio (written in 1622, but published only in 1644) which turn to be the first account of Stoic cosmology authored by a Portuguese Early Modern philosopher. This chapter offers an overview of these cosmological accounts. It also discusses the reception of celestial novelties among the Aristotelian philosophers and the community of professional astronomers and astrologers. It argues that there was a more vivid cosmological debate in early-modern Portugal than historians usually recognise.
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