Article ID: CBB401980297

Mensch, Tier und Technik: „Doing Technology“ in deutschen Schweineställen und die Veränderung des Verhältnisses zwischen Mensch und Tier seit 1945. (Humans, Animals and Technology: "Doing Technology" in German Pig Houses and the Change in the Relationship between Humans and Animals since 1945) (2020)

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In den vier Jahrzehnten nach 1945 lösten Schweinebauern und -bäuerinnen, Agrarplaner/innen und -politiker/innen sowie Ingenieur/innen und Wissenschaftler/innen in staatlichem Forschungsauftrag die Haltung von Schweinen aus ihren ortsgebundenen landwirtschaftlichen Bedingungen. In beiden deutschen Staaten machten sie aus ihr eine ortsunabhängig reproduzierbare und technikgestützte Unternehmung. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht, welche Verschiebungen dieser Prozess im Verhältnis zwischen Mensch, Tier und Technik auslöste. Technische Veränderungen transformierten das Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Tier in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts grundlegend. Das tägliche „doing technology“ im Stall änderte das Selbstkonzept der im Schweinestall arbeitenden Menschen und ebenso das Konzept, das diese Menschen von den Tieren hatten, die sie bewirtschafteten. Anhand von drei Fallbeispielen technischer Veränderung im Schweinestall, dem Kastenstand in der Ferkelaufzucht, Fütterungsautomaten und dem Spaltenboden, werden die Auswirkung der Technisierung auf das Arbeiten im Schweinestall und auf die ökonomische Effektuierung der Produktion nachgezeichnet. Eine Wissensgeschichte der technischen Transformation, der sich dieser Text zurechnen lässt, löst die Dichotomie zwischen Expert/inn/en auf der einen und Praktiker/inne/n auf der anderen Seite auf, verdeutlicht die Relevanz von auch praktischem Wissen und legt die Auseinanderentwicklung der technikbezogenen Wissenshorizonte zwischen den Akteuren der Schweinehaltung und der außerlandwirtschaftlichen Gesellschaft offen. Pig farming underwent significant change in the four decades after 1945. In both German states pig farmers, agricultural politicians and experts released the breeding and keeping of hogs from its agricultural traditions. They transformed it into a scalable, strategic, and technological venture. This essay examines how this process fundamentally changed the relationship between humans, animals, and technology. New daily routines of “doing technology” in the hog house altered the notion that pig farmers had about the animals they kept as well as the notion they had about their own profession. Three vital techniques for modern pig farming: gestation crates, automatic chucking machines, and slatted floors, illustrate how new techniques changed human labor in the hog house and thereby fostered productivity. The chosen history of knowledge approach towards the technological transformation of pig farming reveals that no dichotomy existed between practitioners and experts as those techniques were being developed. Rather, in the 1950s and 1960s practitioners became the first experts for technical change in pig farming. It further illuminates how different levels of technical knowledge between farming circles and the wider nonagrarian society contributed to their divergent development in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Authors & Contributors
Anderson, J. L.
Bruegel, Martin
Chevet, Jean-Michel
Curry, Helen Anne
Cushing, Nancy
Dewey, Peter E.
Journals
Agricultural History
Environment and History
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Journal of Interdisciplinary History
Social Studies of Science
Publishers
Harvard University
Carnegie
CNWS Publications
Duke University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press
McGill-Queen's University Press
Concepts
Agricultural technology
Industrial agriculture
Human-animal relationships
Development of technology; change in technology
Agriculture
Meat industry and trade
Time Periods
20th century, late
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
21st century
18th century
Places
United States
Great Britain
China
East Germany
California (U.S.)
Chicago (Illinois, U.S.)
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