Article ID: CBB387764247

Governmental Monopolization and Supply of Almanacs in Ming Dynasty: Circulation and Its Financial Problem (2013)

unapi

Ming Dynasty awarded calendar of ordinary officials and the public and financial issues, reflecting the multi-faceted relationship awarded calendar system and national policies, liturgical system, people's livelihood and customs and culture. since the Song and Yuan, the court monopoly awarded the calendar right, the purposes of the almanac (calendar days) monopoly system early Ming, Li awarded official working capital levy, exempt from this fee the first Ming. calendar printed materials from expropriating tribute path, the first calendar day of admittance for civil solutions such as paper kind, after the sign off color silver. Ming Beijing officials have specifically at the collar calendar, civil calendar days often obtained through official channels. calendar days shall sell, send custom calendar was prevalent. official calendar days actually awarded tight supplies has become a monopoly dominated by the privileged, and therefore uneven distribution is quite serious . receive a higher number of calendar days, often privately sold for profit, the formation of the black market. Ming Dynasty issued a regional calendar system calendar day supply of all subjects, and Xuande decade (1435) Astronomical court slashed the amount of printed calendar, resulting in Zhili District supply, this has led to large-scale local officials to the central conveyor calendar days, that is, "the official calendar smuggling", which greatly disturbed the original supply system, resulting in a variety of social Guaixiang. Jiajing seven years (1528), the Ming court to take appropriate Countermeasures - "official calendar official transport": Solutions for a year and a half to take the provincial transportation Zhili Beijing amount of calendar days, however the move has gradually evolved into a central and local means of accumulating wealth, to eventually get rid of the Ming Wanli late reforms, not from. calendar days to resolve the fundamental supply problems. Finally, through the Ming Dynasty folk calendar issued during the production, distribution analysis of two key elements, noting that its allocation of resources to inefficient root cause.

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Authors & Contributors
Shi, Yunli
Wang, Miao
Chu, Pingyi
Xumin Zhang
Ethan Harkness
Yao, Licheng
Concepts
East Asia, civilization and culture
Calendars
Astronomy
Cross-cultural interaction; cultural influence
Almanacs
Medicine
Time Periods
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912)
Yuan Dynasty (China, ca. 1260-1368)
Ancient
17th century
Song Dynasty (China, 960-1279)
Places
China
Japan
Europe
Institutions
Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
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