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Article ID: CBB386497772

Naum Efimovich Ischlondsky: a forgotten protagonist of the concept of reflexology (2020)

Engmann, Birk (Author)

History of Psychiatry
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 359-363

URI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X20913752

DOI: 10.1177/0957154X20913752

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Scientists Medicine and politics Physiology Reflex theory 20th century Soviet Union

The present article reports on the life and work of a protagonist of the concept of reflexology. While the concept itself has its roots in Russia, in Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s research on conditioned reflexes, and was then shaped to a large extent by Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, the contributions of Naum Efimovich Ischlondsky (Ishlondsky) have been largely forgotten. Moreover, he developed this concept throughout his life up to the 1960s, by which time he was living in the USA. In contrast, in the Soviet Union, the concepts of reflexology based on the work of Bechterev and his followers had already been abandoned by the 1930s for largely political reasons.

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