Ruiz-Berdún, Dolores (Author)
Martín-Alcaide, Rosario (Author)
Históricamente, embarazo, parto y nacimiento han sido cuestiones íntimamente relacionadas con los roles de género. Eran mujeres las encargadas de asistir a otras durante sus partos. Pero a partir del siglo xviii los hombres quisieron tener un papel más activo en los nacimientos, especialmente en los casos de mujeres que pertenecían a las clases altas de la sociedad. Inicialmente fueron los cirujanos los interesados en monopolizar la asistencia al embarazo y el parto. De esta forma, en el siglo xix se generalizó el debate sobre cuál de los dos profesionales, la matrona o el médico, era el más adecuado para atender partos. En este mismo siglo, los practicantes también quisieron acceder a este campo profesional, aunque inicialmente sin éxito. Con el paso del tiempo, los practicantes consiguieron sus objetivos, pero con la condición de tener una formación adecuada y desarrollar su labor en ciudades de menos de diez mil habitantes. Pero ¿quiénes fueron los primeros hombres que obtuvieron el título de matrona? Esta investigación proporciona nueva información relativa a la incorporación dificultosa y gradual de hombres a la profesión de matrona en España durante el siglo xx y hasta nuestros días. Gender has historically played an important role in pregnancy, birthing and birth itself. Women were the ones in charge of assisting other women during childbirth. Not until the 18th century did men show interest in becoming involved in births, especially those concerning upper class society. They were first surgeons primarily interested in monopolizing pregnancy and birth care. So, in the 19th century there was widespread debate about who were most appropriate to attend deliveries, midwives or doctors. About this time, other “practitioners of medicine” also tried, though unsuccessfully, to access this professional field. Later on they were finally allowed practice in towns under ten thousand inhabitants after receiving proper training. But, who were the first male-midwives? This paper provides new information on men incorporation into professional midwifery practice in 20th-century Spain.
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