Sangüesa, Itziar Molina (Author)
ABSTRACT This paper has a dual objective: on the one hand, to study the algebraic terminology relating to the different designations of the powers of the unknown and, on the other, to highlight the use of some abbreviations in mathematical language, not only as a linguistic mechanism to economise written discourse, but also for in role in the development of algebra —marked, from its inception, by a purely rhetorical style— into the eminently symbolic science that has emerged. In this evolution from word to symbol, the Renaissance represented an essential stage, characterised by an alternation between the words coined by Italian and German algebraists, and by a proliferation of abbreviations in algebraic notation (for example, for the expression of the powers of the unknown); we therefore review, analyse and study these questions in three of the most important mathematical treatises in sixteenth century Spain: Libro primero de Arithmétic algebrática (1552) by Marco Aurel, Arithmética práctica y speculativa (1562) by Juan Pérez de Moya and Libro de Álgebra en Arithmética y Geometría(1567) by Pedro Núñez Salaciense. RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por un lado, estudiar la terminología algebraica referida a las distintas designaciones de las potencias de la incógnita y, por otro, destacar el empleo de ciertas abreviaturas referidas a las mismas, no solo como un mecanismo lingüístico para economizar el discurso, sino por lo que supuso en el desarrollo del álgebra —marcada, desde sus albores, por un estilo puramente retórico— hacia la ciencia eminentemente simbólica en la que se ha erigido. En este proceso evolutivo que va de la palabra al símbolo, la etapa del Renacimiento, caracterizada por la alternancia de los vocablos acuñados por los algebristas italianos frente a los alemanes y por la proliferación de abreviaturas en la notación algebraica (como, por ejemplo, para la expresión de las potencias de la incógnita), es fundamental; motivo por el que revisaremos, analizaremos y estudiaremos estas cuestiones en tres de los tratados matemáticos más relevantes del Quinientos hispano: Libro primero de Arithmética algebrática (1552) de Marco Aurel, Arithmética práctica y speculativa (1562) de Juan Pérez de Moya y Libro de Álgebra en Arithmética y Geometría (1567) de Pedro Núñez Salaciense.
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