Article ID: CBB371651482

[History of Radio Astronomy Research in Japan as Having Led to Its Global Position: Emphasizing on Scientific Goals and the Equipment Development at Nobeyama Radio Observatory] 日本の宇宙電波天文学研究が世界水準に達した経緯: 野辺山観測所における科学目標設定と装置開発 (2020)

unapi

In the 1960s, radio astronomy research in Japan was at a developing stage in comparison with that of leading countries. However, in the following decades the situation improved dramatically, and Japan gained a competitive position in this research field. This was achieved largely through the construction of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO). This paper describes the NROʼs construction history by focusing on the setting of scientific goals and development of the equipment to achieve them.    Although there have been a few preceding studies on the Japanese history of modern astronomy including radio astronomy, it is characterized that this study utilized mainly the minutes of the Science Council of Japan and documents of research groups as primary sources.    This paper clarifies the following processes. In the 1960s, with a series of major worldwide discoveries in radio astronomy, the importance of radio astronomy was recognized in Japan as well, which led to the planning of the Science Council of Japan. Responding to the global trend of radio astronomy, Japan set as the scientific goal exploring millimeter-wave astronomy. In order to meet the requirements, the 45m radio telescope and an acousto-optic radio spectrometer for spectral observations were designed and their specifications were actually realized, which far exceeded world standards at that time. Consequently, Japanese radio astronomy could obtain its global position.

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Authors & Contributors
Orchiston, Wayne
Ishiguro, Masato
Wielebinski, Richard
Slee, Bruce
Nakamura, Tsuko
Lequeux, James
Concepts
Radio astronomy
Astronomy
Telescopes
Instruments, astronomical
Scientific apparatus and instruments
Solar astronomy
Time Periods
20th century, late
21st century
20th century
Places
Japan
Australia
Tokyo (Japan)
United States
Germany
France
Institutions
Institute of Astronomy at Millimeter Wavelengths (IRAM)
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
Science Council of Japan
International Geophysical Year (IGY)
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) (Study group: U.S.)
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (U.S.)
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