This article investigates National Defense Education Act and National Defense Education Act-related calls in the late 1950s for the training of guidance counselors, an emergent profession that was to play an instrumental role in both the measuring and placement of students in schools by “intelligence” or academic “ability”. In analyzing this mid-century push for more guidance counseling in schools, this article will first explore a foundational argument for the fairness of intelligence testing made by Educational Testing Service psychometrician William Turnbull in 1951, and then later taken up and employed by other National Defense Education Act-era advocates of testing and grouping. Secondly, this analysis will proceed to National Defense Education Act expert testimony, examining here assertions of the necessity of guidance counseling in schools, and an emergent and shared vision articulating the role guidance counseling was supposed to play in school life. A pattern or structure to this vision emerges here. According to its advocates, guidance counseling would not only inform the self-understanding of the measured individual, but it would also work to condition the ideology of individual intelligence across numerous layers of social life around the student: through peer group, through teachers and school administrators, and finally through home, family, and the wider community.
...More
Article
Ann Marie Ryan;
(2019)
Catholic Minds/Bodies–Souls: Catholic Schools and Eugenic Inspired Educational Reforms in the United States, 1915–1952
Article
Erica Torrens Rojas;
(2020)
From Darkness to Gloom: The Feminine Presence in the Teaching of Human Evolution in Mexico
Article
Mülberger, Annette;
Balltondre, Mònica;
Graus, Andrea;
(2014)
Aims of Teachers' Psychometry: Intelligence Testing in Barcelona (1920)
Book
Caterina Guenzi;
(2021)
Words of Destiny: Practicing Astrology in North India
Book
Brinkmann, Svend;
(2013)
John Dewey: Science for a Changing World
Article
Christine Chambris;
Jana Visnovska;
(2022)
On the history of units in French elementary school arithmetic: The case of proportionality
Article
Megann Licskai;
(2023)
Wounded Healers: Abortion and the Affective Practices of Pro-Life Health Care
Book
Emma Bedor Hiland;
(2021)
Therapy Tech: The Digital Transformation of Mental Healthcare
Book
Elisabetta Cicciola;
(2019)
La scoperta dell'intelligenza: Alfred Binet e la storia del primo test
Article
Byford, Andy;
(2008)
Turning Pedagogy into a Science: Teachers and Psychologists in Late Imperial Russia (1897--1917)
Article
David Robertson;
(2018)
Evaluating the Aboriginal child’s mind: assimilation and cross-cultural psychology in Australia
Article
Michael Pettit;
(2022)
“Angela's psych squad”: Black psychology against the American carceral state in the 1970s
Article
Young, Jacy L.;
(2015)
Test or Toy? Materiality and the Measurement of Infant Intelligence
Book
White, John;
(2006)
Intelligence, Destiny, and Education: The Ideological Roots of Intelligence Testing
Book
Hegarty, Peter;
(2013)
Gentlemen's Disagreement: Alfred Kinsey, Lewis Terman, and the Sexual Politics of Smart Men
Article
Ingrid G. Farreras;
(2019)
The professionalization of psychologists as court personnel: Consequences of the first institutional commitment law for the “feebleminded”
Book
Carson, John;
(2007)
The Measure of Merit: Talents, Intelligence, and Inequality in the French and American Republics, 1750--1940
Thesis
Carroll, Katherine L.;
(2012)
Modernizing the American Medical School, 1893--1940: Architecture, Pedagogy, Professionalization, and Philanthropy
Article
Jim Wynter Porter;
(2017)
A “Precious Minority”: Constructing the “Gifted” and “Academically Talented” Student in the Era of Brown v. Board of Education and the National Defense Education Act
Book
Michael E. Staub;
(2018)
The Mismeasure of Minds: Debating Race and Intelligence between Brown and The Bell Curve
Be the first to comment!