The purpose of this chapter is to examine the teaching of mathematics in Tunisia first as a North African province of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, then as a French protectorate from 1881 to 1956, and finally as an independent country. First presented is the traditional system of education run by the Ulema at the Zaytūna mosque of Tunis, followed by a description of mathematics introduced in the new schools founded in precolonial Tunisia – the military schools (1837–1869) and the Ṣadiqi College founded in 1875 – and in various types of educational systems coexisting under the French rule.
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