Article ID: CBB335369410

Dealing with Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials: The USSR in the Global Context (2021)

unapi

Abstract This paper discusses several ethical issues related to clinical trials within the Soviet system of drug development and testing, which reflected larger ideological principles of healthcare organization in the ussr, with its focus on eradicating market elements from drug development. The centralized state-controlled system was thought to combat such drawbacks of free-market drug development as high prices and aggressive advertising; also to discourage the duplication of research by numerous independent actors that was perceived to be common in capitalist countries. Another significant ethical issue was the Soviet emphasis on the unity of scientific research and clinical treatment. Their strict separation, introduced to support normative standards defined by the U.S. pharmaceutical drug testing system, was rejected in the ussr where knowledge of new treatment options came from treatment practice, not laboratory-like experimental conditions of randomized controlled double-blind trials. The Soviet design was closer to so-called ‘pragmatic trials’ that focus on solving ‘real-life’ problems in clinical practice. Not all ethical problems were successfully addressed in the Soviet model, where there were always significant gaps between neatly postulated theory and messy clinical practice. The unity of scientific research and clinical practice was difficult to achieve. Archival research shows potential ethical issues related to geographic disparities in carrying out clinical trials, and the importance of personal and informal connections in the Soviet model.

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Authors & Contributors
Tinnerholm Ljungberg, Helena
Jacobs, Noortje
Fornero, Giovanni
Balistreri, Maurizio
Furlan, Enrico
Mori, Maurizio
Concepts
Medicine and ethics
Biology and ethics; bioethics
Research methods
Medicine
Science and ethics
Human experimentation
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
20th century, late
Places
United States
West Germany
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Italy
Institutions
United States. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)
American Medical Association
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