Article ID: CBB330591904

A Brief History of the Fertilizer Nitrogen (2021)

unapi

The history of the fertilizer nitrogen (N) is important, because it includes two very important events in the development of chemistry. The synthesis of ammonia is considered as one of the greatest scientific discovery of twentieth century which led to the award of two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry to two German chemists; Fitzgerald Haber in 1919 and Carl Bosch in 1931. A significant increase in food production in the world is ascribed to the fertilizer N that saved many from hunger, misery and mortality, especially in Asian countries, where population growth has been too fast. However, the fertilizer N has also been responsible for environmental degradation, by increasing nitrate (NO3) content in ground waters, inland waters including lakes and rivers and marine waters leading to mortality of fish and other water creatures. Some N is lost as nitrous oxide (N2O), which is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere. Efforts are therefore underway to develop more efficient N fertilizers.

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Authors & Contributors
Arnaud Page
Adloff, Jean-Pierre
Amter, Steven
Carey, David, Jr.
Elina, Olga Y.
Guerra, Corinna
Journals
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook
Agricultural History
Ambix: Journal of the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry
American Historical Review
Environment and History
History of Science
Publishers
Royal Society of Chemistry
Chronos
MIT Press
Oxford University Press
Springer
University of Chicago Press
Concepts
Agricultural chemistry
Fertilizers
Chemical industry
Chemistry
Agriculture
Environmental pollution
People
Bosch, Carl
Carson, Rachel Louise
Galilei, Galileo
Haber, Fritz
Maillard, Louis Camille
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
21st century
18th century
20th century, late
Places
Great Britain
United States
India
Korea
Soviet Union
Java (Indonesia)
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