Article ID: CBB320696292

Edelsteine aus der Fabrik (2015)

unapi

Im Beitrag wird die Nutzung der ersten erfolgreichen Mineralsynthese geschildert, die Züchtung von Korunden (Rubinen, Saphiren) nach dem 1902/04 publizierten Verneuil-Verfahren. Die interdisziplinär angesiedelte Verfahrensund Stoffgeschichte ist für die Technik-, Unternehmens-, Wirtschafts-, Chemie-, Konsum- und Schmuckgeschichte sowie die Geschichte der Uhren und Präzisionsinstrumente gleichermaßen relevant. Im Fokus steht der erste und wichtigste deutsche Produzent, die Elektrochemischen Werke in Bitterfeld, die 1925 in der IG Farbenindustrie AG aufgingen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, warum ausgerechnet diese Firma synthetische Korunde herstellte und wer die Nutzer des neuen Werkstoffs waren, der in seinen beiden Anwendungsgebieten, der Schmucksteinherstellung und der Produktion technischer Steine, sehr unterschiedlich rezipiert wurde. Abstract This paper deals with the technical realization and utilization of the first successful synthesis of a mineral, the growth of artificial rubies and sapphires according to the Verneuil technique. The history of this new crystal-growth technique, which was published in 1902/04, is not only relevant to the history of science and technology, but also to economic history, the history of enterprises, business history, the history of consumption, the history of jewelry and watches and fine precision instruments. The focus is on the first producer of artificial gems in Germany, the Elektrochemische Werke of Bitterfeld, which was to become part of IG Farben in 1925. In Germany, the main market for artificial gems was the electrotechnical industry and mechanical engineering, which needed bearings for electricity meters and precision instruments. Only a small share of artificial gems was absorbed by the jewelry industry.

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Authors & Contributors
Tedeschi, Paolo
Xuetao Li
Eike-Christian Heine
Healy, Terence J.
Elsbeth Bösl
Meany, Joseph E.
Concepts
Technology and economics
Technology and industry
Technological innovation
Technology
Technology and culture
History of technology, as a discipline
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
20th century
21st century
Places
Germany
United States
Italy
Europe
Great Britain
England
Institutions
Badische Anilin- und Soda- Fabrik (B.A.S.F.)
Chemische Fabrik Griescheim Elektron (CFGE)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) (Australia)
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (Australia)
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