Article ID: CBB310682480

Stalinism, autarchy, espionage and Marshall Aid: How US strip mill technology came to Europe (2019)

unapi

The American continuous wide strip rolling mill halved the cost, improved the quality and markedly increased the size of steel sheets after 1926. These mills diffused rapidly in the USA to supply a growing market for autobodies, canstock and consumer goods. European steelmakers adopted this radical, large scale technology during the late 1930’s. Pre-war adopters in Europe briefly interpreted strip mill technology to meet political priorities, market circumstances and local technical preferences. The UK steel industry bought standard mill designs directly from two US suppliers. Soviet and German adoption was shaped by political regimes of the time. The German mill was the product of local innovation and espionage. In France, Renault developed small scale technology. Marshall Aid made post-war adopters conform to US technological norms, with the Cold War influencing the location of strip mills in Europe after 1948. The wide strip mill contributed to the Americanisation of European industry after World War II.

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Authors & Contributors
Vezzosi, Elisabetta
O'Reagan, Douglas Michael
Higuchi, Toshihiro
Bini, Elisabetta
Thomas E. Leary
Berghoff, Hartmut
Concepts
Cold War
Nuclear weapons; atomic weapons
World War II
Science and politics
Technology and politics
Mass production
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
20th century, late
Places
United States
Soviet Union
Germany
Great Britain
Europe
Japan
Institutions
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; Partial Test Ban Treaty; Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Bethlehem Steel Company
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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