La relation de maître à disciple en question : transmission orale et écrite des savoirs divinatoires en Chine et à Taïwan (2013)
Stéphanie Homola (Author)
Pages: 11-43
Edition Details: Translated title: [Challenging the Teacher-Student Relationship: Oral and Written Transmission of Divinatory Knowledge in China and Taiwan]
Language: French
Cet article explore deux modes contrastés de transmission des savoirs divinatoires à Taïwan et en Chine populaire à l’époque contemporaine, l’un forgé sur le modèle universitaire et qui privilégie la transmission écrite, l’autre forgé sur le modèle de la relation de maître à disciple et qui privilégie la transmission orale. À Taïwan, en réaction à la dégradation de la qualité de la transmission et à la multiplication des écoles de pensée, des spécialistes des arts divinatoires ont entrepris de réformer les savoirs mantiques et leurs modes de transmission pour les adapter aux exigences scientifiques de la société contemporaine. Ils poursuivent en cela une entreprise de rationalisation qui a été initiée en Chine continentale à l’époque républicaine et qui se traduit, à Taïwan, par un essor des manuels de vulgarisation et une relative standardisation de la formation. Je propose ensuite de nuancer cette évolution par une étude de cas menée en Chine continentale qui met au contraire en évidence l’importance de la relation personnelle et de l’oralité dans la transmission des savoirs divinatoires. L’enseignement des techniques s’accomplit alors sur le mode de l’« affinité prédestinée », du voyage initiatique et de la transmission orale des légendes et des savoir-faire., This paper explores two contrasting modes of transmission of divinatory knowledge in contemporary Taiwan and mainland China. One is built on the academic model which emphasizes written communication and the other one on the teacher to student relationship which favors oral transmission. In Taiwan, faced with the declining quality of teaching and the multiplication of schools of thought, divinatory arts specialists tried to reform their knowledge and teaching methods to make them fit with the scientific requirements of contemporary society. This endeavor which had already been launched in mainland China in the Republican era, resulted in Taiwan in a boom of popular handbooks and a standardization of training. Then, I qualify this evolution through a case study conducted in mainland China which, on the contrary, highlights the importance of personal relationship and orality in the transfer of mantic techniques. In this context, methods and know-how are taught through predestined affinities, initiatory journeys and legends., 本文探討當代臺灣及中國大陸占卜知識傳遞方式的對比，亦即學院派文本式教學和師生口傳之間的差異。在臺灣，為因應占卜知識傳承品質的低落以及諸多門派林立的現象，占卜專家嘗試重塑其知識Ê構，並發展新的教學方式，以迎合現代社會對於科學精神的要求。此一努力實延續著自民國初期開始的改革方向，在當代臺灣發展出普及占卜手冊的大量出版，以及標準化的訓練模式。然而，本文的第二部份藉由收集自中國大陸的個案研究，與在臺灣發生的演變做一對比。亦即，占卜知識在當代中國的發展彰顯人際關係以及口授文化的重要性。在此一脈落下，占卜知識的傳遞乃藉由缘分、旅行中的精神啟迪以及講述傳說而傳播。
...MoreBook Jean-Noël Robert; Pierre Marsone (2013) Les astres et le destin. Astrologie et divination en Asie orientale.
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